International Skating Union

Communication No. 1121: ISU Anti-Doping Code

In accordance with the authorization, given in Rule 139 para 15 of the 2000 ISU General Regulations and referring to the new Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code including Appendix A - Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods and Appendix C - Sampling Procedures in Doping Controls, the ISU Council modified effective July 1, 2001, Rule 139 of the General Regulations and replaced the existing Medical Code-Anti-Doping Rules (Communication Nos. 1030 and 1057) by the following new ISU Anti-Doping Code.

1.0 Doping contravenes the fundamental principles of Olympic Spirit, sports and medical ethics and is forbidden.

Recommending, proposing, authorizing, condoning or facilitating the use of any substance or method covered by the definition of doping or trafficking therein is also forbidden.

1.1 Any participant who is found to have used doping substances or methods and any participant who has aided the skater in the use of doping substances or methods is subject to sanctions of this Code.

1.2 Any interference with the performance of doping control procedures, by participants, also represents a violation of this Code, and individuals found to have interfered with these procedures will be subject to sanctions. Anti-Doping personnel including escorts and/or chaperones must be able to follow and observe skaters with no interference from outside sources.

1.3 All skaters are subject to Anti-Doping tests (urine analyses, blood tests and other authorized techniques for detecting prohibited substances or methods).

2.0 DEFINITIONS

2.1 A participant means any skater, coach, trainer, official, medical or para-medical personnel working with or treating skaters, participating in or preparing for sports competitions organized within the framework of the ISU.

2.2 Doping is:

a) the use of an expedient (Prohibited Substance or Method) which is potentially harmful to skater's health and/or capable of enhancing their performance.

b) the presence in the skater's body of a Prohibited Substance or evidence of the use thereof or evidence of the use of a Prohibited Method.

2.3 Intentional Doping means doping in circumstances where it is established, or may reasonably be presumed, that any skater acted knowingly or in circumstances amounting to gross negligence.

2.4 Blood Doping means the administration/transfusions of blood, red blood cells, related blood products, or artificial oxygen carriers to a skater. The administration of any of these products may be preceded by withdrawal of blood from the skater who continues to train/perform in such a blood-depleted state. It is prohibited for these products to be obtained, stored, and re-infused from the skater or obtained from another individual and transfused into the skater in order to increase athletic performance. It is also prohibited to administer intravenous infusion of fluids or drugs for any purpose other than medical.

2.5 Pharmaceutical, chemical and physical manipulation means the use of substances and methods, including masking agents which alter, attempt to alter or may reasonably be expected to alter the integrity and validity of urine samples used in Anti-Doping tests, including without limitations, catheterisation, urine substitution and/or tampering, inhibition of renal excretion such as by probenacid and related substances and alterations of testosterone and epitestosterone measurements such as epitestosterone application or bromantan administration.

2.6 Prohibited Substances and Methods means any substance/method so described in the current (including updates that are continuously published by the IOC) Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code, Appendix A. In the case that the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) produces and publishes a List of Prohibited Substances and Methods that is acceptable to the ISU, the ISU Council may replace the current IOC List of Prohibited Substances and Methods by the WADA list. Such change will be communicated in a separate ISU Communication.

Classes of Prohibited Substances includes: 
Class 1A: Stimulants
Class 1B: Narcotics
Class 1C: 1) Anabolic Agents and 2) Beta 2 agonists
Class 1D: Diuretics
Class 1E: Peptide Hormones, Mimetics, and Analogues

Classes of Prohibited Substances in Certain Circumstances include:
Class 3A: Alcohol
Class 3B: Cannabinoids
Class 3C: Local Anaesthetic
Class 3D: Glucocorticosteroids
Class 3E: Beta blockers

Exceptions:

a) The use of glucocorticosteroids is limited to topical use (creams etc.), inhalation (e.g. asthma rhinitis) and local or intra-articular injections. Systemic use of corticosteroids is prohibited.

b) Of the Beta 2 agonists, only salbutamol, terbutaline, formoterol and salmeterol are permitted and only by inhalation to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise induced asthma. Beta 2 agonists are prohibited if administered orally or by injection.

c) The use of insulin for insulin dependant diabetes and glucocorticosteroids or Beta 2 agonists as listed above must be reported as follows:

1) by letter from the skater's endocrine/respiratory physician or team physician, written annually and submitted at the beginning of each season to the ISU Secretariat

and

2) on the ISU Medical Notification Form, that is valid for the current season, submitted to the ISU Medical Advisor or the ISU Representative PRIOR to each competition. Submission of the written report will be recorded on the Anti-Doping Form.

Prohibited Methods includes:

a) Blood doping

b) Pharmacological chemical and physical manipulation

2.7 Masking Agent means any substance or procedure used for the purpose of or having the effect of altering or suppressing the integrity of urine or other samples used in doping controls. Diuretics are considered masking agents.

2.8 Related Substance means any substance having pharmacological action and/or chemical structure similar to a Prohibited Substance or any other substance referred to in the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code (appendix A) list or the WADA list of Prohibited Substances.

2.9 Use means the application, ingestion, inhalation, injection, consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method. Use includes counseling the use of, permitting the use of or condoning the use of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

2.10 Trafficking shall be deemed to occur when a participant, without having expressly received prior authorization from the competent body,

a) manufactures, extracts, transforms, prepares, stores, expedites, transports, imports, exports, transits, offers subject to payment or free of charge, distributes, sells, exchanges, undertakes the brokerage of, obtains in any form, prescribes, commercializes, makes over, accepts, possesses, holds, buys or acquires in any manner prohibited doping substances;

b) takes any measures to this end, finances such substances or serves as an intermediary for their financing, provokes in any way the consumption or use of such substances, or establishes means of procuring or consuming such substances;

c) is party to Prohibited Methods.

3.0 RESPONSIBILITY:

Notwithstanding the obligations of other skaters to comply with the provisions of this Code, it is the personal responsibility of any skater subject to the provisions of this Code to ensure that he/she does not use or allow the use of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method.

3.2 It shall be the responsibility of each skater to ensure that he or she has not been selected for Anti-Doping testing before leaving the competition site after the completion of the event in which he or she is entered. The Chairperson of the Anti-Doping Commission (ADC) shall post a list of those skaters selected for testing outside the Anti-Doping Station as soon as possible after the result has been determined. Any skater who leaves the ice rink prior to notification of being selected for Anti-Doping testing shall receive a warning letter for the first offence provided that after being recalled he/she returns in due time to be tested. However non-attendance of the Anti-Doping testing and/or a second offence may be subject to sanctions in accordance with Paragraph 5.0 of the ISU Anti-Doping Code.

4.0 INTEGRAL PARTS

APPENDIX A of the current Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code or the WADA list of Prohibited Substances/Methods (including updates published in the ISU Communications) are integral parts of this Code.

5.0 SANCTIONS

The sanctions may be applied alternatively or accumulatively, taking into account all the circumstances of a particular case, to impose the most appropriate sanction. The order in which the different sanctions are enumerated in the Code are not of importance as they are all available to the decision making body. However, the sanction of suspension is the basic sanction and therefore should be applied before the fine is imposed. The sanctions for a positive test are the same whether the test is conducted during competition or out of competition.

5.1 In a case of doping the penalties for a first offence are as follows.

a) If the Prohibited Substance used is ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, caffeine, strychnine or related substances:

i) a warning

ii) a ban on participation in one or several sports competitions in any capacity whatsoever

iii) a fine of up to US$ 100,000

iv) suspension from any competition for a period of one to six months.

b)If the Prohibited Substance used is one other than those referred to in paragraph a) above:

i)a ban on participation in one or several sports competitions in any capacity whatsoever

ii)a fine of up to US$ 100,000

iii)suspension from any competition for a minimum period of two years. However, based on specific, exceptional circumstances to be evaluated in the first instance by the ISU, there may be a provision for a possible modification of the two-year sanction.

5.2 In case of:

a) intentional doping;

b) the use of a Masking Agent

c) maneuvers or manipulation that may prevent or distort any test contemplated in this Code;

d) refusal to undergo and/or non attendance of any test contemplated in the Code

e) doping for which responsibility is imputable to an official or the skater’s entourage

f) complicity or other forms of involvement in an act of doping by members of a medical, pharmaceutical or related profession;

The sanctions are as follow:

a) if the Prohibited Substance used is ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, caffeine or strychnine and related substances:

i) a ban on participation in one or several sports competitions in any capacity whatsoever

ii) a fine of up to US$ 100,000

iii) suspension from any competition for a period of two to eight years.

b) if the Prohibited Substance used is one other than those referred to in paragraph a) above OR in cases of maneuvers or manipulation , refusal to undergo and/or non-attendance of any test and/or any other kind of offence where the substance could not be determined or if it is a repeat offence (a repeat offence being constituted if a further case of doping perpetrated within a period of ten years after the preceding sanction, whatever form it took and whatever the reason for it, became final)

i)a life ban on participation in one or several sports competitions in any capacity whatsoever;

ii)a fine of up to US$ 1,000,000

iii)suspension (between four years and life) from all sports competition.

5.3 Any case of doping during a competition automatically leads to invalidation of the result obtained (with all its consequences, including forfeit of any medal and prizes), irrespective of any other sanction that may be applied, subject to the provisions of paragraphs 5.1 and 5.2.

5.4 In team competitions where a skater who is a member of a team is found guilty of doping, the team is disqualified and the skater in question is sanctioned individually according to this Code.

5.5 The penalty shall take effect from the date the sample is provided. However, the ISU Council may decide that the penalty take effect from the date the notification of the result was received by the ISU.

5.6 The penalties for trafficking in Prohibited Substances are as follows:

a) In the event of trafficking in Prohibited Substances the penalty will be suspension for life from participation in any sports organization, body, activity, or event in any capacity whatsoever.

b) In addition, the offence(s) may be reported to the competent administrative and judicial authorities by any interested physical or legal person.

c) Any attempt to perform trafficking shall be penalized in the same manner as the act itself.

For participants found guilty of trafficking, ignorance of the nature or composition of the Prohibited Substances or the nature or effects of the methods in question does not constitute attenuating circumstances or grounds for exemption from punishment.

5.7 The penalties set out in this Code may be applied concurrently insofar as they are compatible and may be accompanied with measures prescribing regular or unannounced tests of the skater concerned over a specified period of time.

5.8 In case a skater is suspended for a doping offence, at least one doping test must be conducted with a negative result during the suspension before the skater can return to ISU sanctioned events. It is the responsibility of the skater and its Member to ensure that such test is performed and that the result determined by an IOC or WADA accredited laboratory is communicated in due time to the ISU General Secretary. Failure to comply may result in sanctions to the skater and the Member.

5.9 In case a skater is suspended for doping offence and after compliance with the previous paragraph enters again ISU sanctioned competitions, such skater shall be subject to doping control on the occasion of at least the three (3) initial competitions in which he/she enters and participates following the return to competition after a sanction. It is the responsibility of the skater and its Member to ensure that such tests will be performed on the occasion of the 3 relevant competitions and the expenses related to such tests will be for the Member’s account. Failure to comply may result in sanctions to the skater and the Member.

5.10 Skaters suspended or banned in other sports because of doping violations shall be deemed to be suspended or banned as to all ISU Skating competitions and activities for an equal period of time. The Council, in its absolute discretion, may modify any such suspension or ban upon petition of a Member.

6.0 EVIDENCE - PROVES

6.1 Intentional doping can be proved by any means whatsoever, including presumption.

6.2 Evidence obtained from metabolic profiles and/or isotopic ration measurements may be used to draw definitive conclusions regarding the use of anabolic androgenic steroids.

6.3 An epitestosterone concentration in the urine greater than 200 nanograms/ml will be investigated by studies for testosterone.

6.4 The success or failure of the use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method is not material. It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method was used or attempted for the offence of doping to be considered as consummated.

6.5 Minor irregularities, which cannot reasonably be considered to have affected the results of otherwise valid tests, shall have no effect on such results. Minor irregularities do not include the chain of custody of the sample, improper sealing of the container(s) in which the sample is stored, failure to request the signature of the skater or failure to provide the skater with an opportunity to be present or be represented at the opening and analysis of the “B” sample if analysis of the “B” sample is requested.

7.0 ANTI-DOPING TESTS

7.1 Without any notice at any time and at any place, the ISU has the right to carry out Anti-Doping tests of skaters, including suspended skaters, of ISU Members. The Members are required to support the work of the ISU, especially in presenting the selected skaters and providing all necessary information.

7.2 Out of competition tests may be conducted at any time and any place on skaters, including suspended skaters, of the ISU Members. Out of competition testing will be performed under the supervision of the ISU and in co-operation with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). All Members must adequately complete and submit by the due date all out of competition testing forms requested by the ISU Secretariat. Failure to do so may result in sanctions to the Member.

7.3 During out-of-competition urine testing only the following classes of substances will be tested: Class I.C: Anabolic Agents, Class I.D: Diuretics, Class I.E.: Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues and Class II: Prohibited methods. Out of competition blood testing may also be carried out.

7.4 Anti-Doping tests must be carried out in accordance with the current ISU Rules and the current ISU Anti-Doping Code at the following events: ISU Championships, World Cup Competitions (Speed Skating and Short Track Speed Skating), regional qualifying events for World Speed Skating Championships, Grand Prix Series and Final and Junior Grand Prix Series and Final of Figure Skating, World Synchronized Skating Championships, Olympic Qualifying Events, "Open" International Competitions, and all other events designated by the ISU Council.

7.5 International Competitions - Anti-Doping tests may be carried out at International Competitions in accordance with this Communication.

7.6 Olympic Winter Games - Anti-Doping tests at each Olympic Winter Games will be carried out according to the current Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code, which may vary from ISU Rules.

7.7 It is recommended that all Members conduct Anti-Doping tests of their skaters during training without advance notice as well as at National Championships. In National Competitions the Organizing ISU Member shall be the competent body to rule on the effects of a positive result during such competitions. Each body concerned shall advise the ISU General Secretary of all positive results and the dispositions made in respect thereof and provide such data in respect of all tests. Any sanction imposed by Members for positive Anti-Doping tests may not be less severe than those specified in paragraph 5.0. In the case a positive result is reported but the member sanction is below the lower limit of the sanction that would be applicable under this Code, the ISU reserves the right to apply suspensions according to this Code.

7.8 At ISU Championships, the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating and Final and ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating and Final, Open International Competitions and other International Competitions where doping tests are required according to the ISU Anti-Doping Code, it is the financial and organizational responsibility of the organizing Member of the competition to provide Anti-Doping equipment, facilities for analysis of samples and trained medical personnel to advise and treat the participants and to carry out Anti-Doping tests in accordance with the ISU Anti-Doping Code. Members failing to provide such services and equipment will be subject to sanctions from the ISU.

7.9 All Anti-Doping expenses incurred by the Members organizing World Cup and Qualifying events for ISU Championships where no ISU support is provided, shall be reimbursed by the ISU.

8.0 BLOOD TESTING

8.1 The ISU will conduct blood tests, in particular for the determination of the level of Hemoglobin/Haematocrit and other blood values measuring erythropoiesis. Such blood tests will be carried out at the discretion of the ISU in certain events sanctioned by the ISU and/or at out of competition testing. These blood tests have also the purpose of health protection of the skaters. The results may be made available to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

8.2 Due to the fast development of all aspects related to blood testing, the corresponding applicable procedures will be updated continuously and will be published through ISU Circular Letters.

9.0 ANTI-DOPING COMMISSION (ADC)

9.1 In the presence of an ISU Medical Advisor at ISU Championships, Grand Prix Final and Junior Grand Prix Final of Figure Skating, Anti-Doping tests will be carried out according to the ISU Regulations.

The Anti-Doping Commission (ADC) must include the following: -

a) a Chairperson. The ISU Medical Advisor

b) a chief Anti-Doping Officer who is a certified Anti-Doping Officer of the National Anti-Doping Governing Body of the country organizing the competition, or an Anti-Doping Officer appointed by and approved by the ISU Medical Advisors.

c) at least one other Anti-Doping Officer who must be of the appropriate sex and familiar with doping procedures, so that proper witness of the specimens may be done for all the participants male and female.

d) additional members such as secretaries, attendants, couriers, escorts/chaperones etc. to aid in the carrying out of the duties and functions of the ADC (for ISU Championships please refer to the current Memorandums for the guidance for holding ISU Championships).

9.2 In the absence of an ISU Medical Advisor at International Competitions, World Cup Competitions (Speed Skating and Short Track Speed Skating), Regional Qualifying Events for the World Speed Skating Championships, Grand Prix Series and Junior Grand Prix Series of Figure Skating, Open International Competitions sanctioned by the ISU and Olympic Qualifying Events, Anti-Doping tests will be carried out according to the ISU Regulations under the supervision of an ISU Representative, an ISU Technical Delegate, the ISU representative of the Technical Committee, or an Anti-Doping Officer approved by the ISU Medical Advisors.

The ADC must include the following:

a) a Chairperson who is a certified Anti-Doping Officer of the National Anti-Doping Governing Body of the country organizing the competition, or an Anti-Doping Officer appointed by and approved by the ISU Medical Advisors.

b) at least one other Anti-Doping Officer who must be of the appropriate sex and familiar with Anti-Doping procedures, so that proper witness of the specimens may be done for all the participants male and female.

c) additional members such as secretaries, attendants, couriers, escorts/chaperones etc. to aid in the carrying out of the duties and functions of the ADC (for ISU Championships please refer to the current Memorandums for the guidance for holding ISU Championships).

9.3 Anti-Doping Station - A separate secure area shall be provided by the Organizing Committee for use by the ADC to carry out its duties (for ISU Championships please refer to the current Memorandum for guidance in holding ISU Championships). This should include a separate waiting area and an administration area with toilet, washing facilities, a sink and a lockable refrigerator.

9.4 Anti-Doping Laboratory

Only laboratories approved by the International Olympic Committee or WADA shall be used for testing specimens.

9.5 The current IOC or WADA list of accredited laboratories and List of Prohibited Substances and Methods, with examples, may be obtained from the ISU Secretariat in Lausanne.

9.6 It is the duty of all Members, skaters, team physicians, managers and coaches to make themselves aware of the current ISU Anti-Doping Code.

10.0 SELECTION OF SKATERS

10.1 General Selection Conditions

10.1.1 Each skater in all ISU Events, Olympic Winter Games and any other International Competition, is subject to Anti-Doping tests at any time during his or her presence in the country or city where the competitions are scheduled to occur, including the official practice sessions in Figure Skating. For all competitions/disciplines either the ISU Representative, or the Chairperson of the Anti-Doping Commission (ADC), has the right to select other skaters for testing.

10.1.2 Random selection will be drawn in the presence of the ISU Representative, Representative of the Technical Committee or ISU Technical Delegate, the ISU Medical Advisor (if appointed and attending the event), and the local Anti-Doping Officer if available. The random draw will be made before the event begins.

10.1.3 A skater may be subject to Anti-Doping tests on more than one occasion.

10.1.4 Any skater who achieves a World Record time must have been selected for an Anti-Doping test and have been tested negative on the same day of the race in order to have the World Record ratified, see Rule 273, paragraph 4 f) and Rule 295, paragraph d). If the existing World Record is broken more than once on the same day, in competitions at the same venue, each skater achieving a World Record time must be selected for Anti-Doping test. If for pertinent reasons this should not be possible (e.g. non-availability of the necessary equipment such as sufficient containers etc.) the maximum possible number of skaters having broken the World Record shall be tested in the order of the skaters performances (starting with skater having skated the best time).

10.2 Figure Skating

10.2.1 In ISU Championships the following minimum Anti-Doping tests will be carried out: the four best ranked skaters of the final result in the Singles (after the Free Program), Pair Skating (after the Free Program) and Ice Dance (after the Free Dance) shall be tested. One skater from the remainder of the skaters shall be selected by random draw in Singles, Pair Skating and Ice Dance. In Pair Skating and Ice Dancing either the man or the lady but not both shall be tested and shall be selected by draw. If there are qualifying rounds, Anti-Doping tests may be carried out at this time. In this case two skaters will be selected from each group, A and B, men and ladies. Skaters may be tested more than once during the competition.

10.2.2 Other Participants: additional skaters may be selected for Anti-Doping testing by the ISU Representative or at his/her discretion by the Chair of the ADC. Such selection may be based upon a random draw determined by the placement in a previous portion of that competition, or by the final result.

10.2.3 In the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating and Final and ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating and Final, Anti-Doping tests will be carried out on the best skater of the final result in Singles (after the final free program), Pair Skating (after the final free program) and Ice Dance (after the final free dance). One skater from the remainder of the skaters shall be selected by random draw in Singles, Pair Skating and Ice Dance. In Pair Skating and Ice Dancing either the man or the lady, but not both, shall be tested and shall be selected by random draw. Anti-Doping tests will be carried out according to ISU Regulations and the current Anti-Doping Communication.

10.2.4 In Open International Competitions or New Method/System Competitions sanctioned by the ISU, Anti-Doping tests are mandatory and all skaters competing at International Open Competitions or New Method/System Competitions including the ineligible skaters may be tested. In addition to the winner, a minimum of 1 skater per discipline shall be selected by random draw to be tested. Prior to the competition, all skaters entered for such competitions must accept in writing to be submitted to Anti-Doping tests that will be conducted under the control of the ISU Member and in consultation with the ISU Medical Advisor. Skaters who refuse to accept this procedure will not be allowed to skate. In case of refusal to give the required sample after the competition (after initially having agreed) and in case of positive results, sanctions as per ISU Regulations will apply for the eligible skaters. For the ineligible skaters the ISU Council will take the necessary decision, which could consist of preventing the ineligible skater involved from being invited to Open International Competitions/New Method/System Competitions for a certain period of time, as well as withholding the payment of prize money and other benefits. In this respect, the organizers will pay the skaters’ benefits after the competitions and only upon receipt of the Anti-Doping test results.

10.3 Synchronized Skating

10.3.1 For the World Synchronized Skating Championships and other Events designated by the ISU, two skaters who must have competed in the short or free programs are randomly selected from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd teams and one other randomly selected team shall be tested. Both junior and senior teams will be tested. At the time of the draw two alternative numbers from all teams to be tested will be drawn to ensure that the skaters tested have skated in the competition.

10.4 Speed Skating

10.4.1 For Two Day Championships

Minimum skaters to attend the Anti-Doping tests: First day - The best ranked and two other skaters, randomly drawn, in the long distance shall be selected for testing. Second day - The four best ranked of the final result and two other skaters randomly drawn.

10.4.2 For Three Day Championships

Minimum skaters to attend Anti-Doping tests: First day - The best ranked and two others, randomly drawn, in the longest distance for men. Second day - The best ranked and two others, randomly drawn, in the long distance for ladies. Third day - The three best-ranked skaters of the final result and two other skaters, randomly drawn, ladies and men, shall be selected for testing. In a three day Championship where the program for the ladies and men is completed in two days then the 2-day selection procedure in paragraph 10.4.1 will apply. Team Pursuit Events. In team pursuit events one skater, who has participated, from the winning team and one skater from a randomly selected team will be asked to attend for Anti-Doping tests. The skater from each team will be randomly selected from the team list.

10.4.3 For World Speed Skating Championships Single Distance.

Minimum skaters to attend Anti-Doping tests: The best ranked and one randomly selected skater in each distance. The same skater will be tested only once on the same day. If a skater is competing in two different distance races on the same day please refer to the conditions stated in para 11.3.

10.4.4 For World Cup Competitions.

Minimum skaters to attend Anti-Doping tests: The best ranked (by points scored at the competition) and two randomly selected skaters. In competitions where there are Divisions A and B, one randomly selected skater from each Division will be tested. The same skater will be tested only once on the same day.

10.5 Short Track Speed Skating

10.5.1 For the World Short Track, Junior World Short Track and European Short Track Speed Skating Championships.

Minimum skaters to attend Anti-Doping test: the first and one randomly selected skater, from the ranking list in each of the distances 1500M, 1000M, 500M ladies and men, will be tested. On the final day after the overall ranking, the 1st, 2nd and one randomly selected skater, ladies and men, will be tested. In the relay competition, on the final day, one skater who participated in the relay competition, from a team selected at random, ladies and men, will be tested. This skater from the relay team will be selected at random from the team list provided by the Competitors Steward. The same skater will be tested only once on the same day.

10.5.2 For World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships

Minimum skaters to attend Anti-Doping test: On the first day, after classification of each bracket, including the semi-finals and repechage for ladies and men, one skater from the 1st, and one other randomly selected team from each of the groups will be asked to attend for Anti-Doping tests. The random skater from each of the teams will be selected from the team lists provided by the Competitors Steward. On the final day after the overall classification for ladies and men, one skater from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd teams will be asked to attend for Anti-Doping tests. The random skater from each of these teams will be selected from the team lists provided by the Competitors Steward.

10.5.3 For Short Track Speed Skating World Cup Competitions

Minimum skaters to attend Anti-Doping tests: After each distance classification, the first and one skater selected randomly, ladies and men, will be tested. In the relay competition, after the final classification, one skater who participated in the relay competition, from a randomly selected team in the top 4 ranked teams ladies and men, will be tested. This skater from the relay team will be selected at random from the team list provided by the Competitors Steward. The same skater will be tested only once on the same day.

10.5.4 For Short Track Speed Skating Olympic Qualifying Competitions

The minimum skaters to attend Anti-Doping tests: The first ranked plus one skater from 1500, 1000 and 500 meters, men and ladies, selected by random draw will be tested. In the relay competition two skaters who participated in the relay competition from two different teams selected at random, ladies and men, from the 8 ranked teams, will be tested. These skaters from the relay teams will be selected at random from the team lists provided by the Competitors Steward. The same skaters will be tested only once on the same day.

11.0 GUIDELINES FOR SAMPLE TAKING PROCEDURES

11.1 These guidelines must be followed as closely as possible, however deviation(s) from these guidelines shall not invalidate the finding of a prohibited substance or method, unless it was such as to cast substantial doubt on the reliability of the finding. (See paragraphs 14.9 and 17.1)

11.2 Skaters selected for Anti-Doping tests shall be notified by a representative of the Anti-Doping Commission (ADC) using the ISU Anti-Doping Form. Skaters must acknowledge notification by signature and must appear with photographic identification immediately, and no later than, one hour after notification. They must be accompanied at all times, after notification, by a representative of the ADC of the same sex. (For exception see paragraph 11.3)

11.3 In World Cup competitions, the winner (Division A) of a distance will be notified of selection for Anti-Doping testing once the final results for the race are posted, and will be accompanied, at all times, by a representative of the ADC of the same sex. They will report for Anti-Doping testing at that time according to Paragraph 11.2, but if the skater has been entered for a second race on the same day, he/she is not required to do so until immediately after competing in their second race of the day. In World Cup Competitions, the announcement of the random selection for Division A and B of each distance will be made after the completion of the race for each respective Division. However if the randomly selected skater has been entered for a second distance/race on the same day, the announcement will be made only after that second distance has been completed.

11.4 The representative of the ADC shall give ISU Anti-Doping Forms to the official in charge of the Anti-Doping Station who shall keep it on file.

11.5 Should the skater fail to report to the Anti-Doping Station within the time laid down in paragraph 11.2, this fact shall be recorded on the Anti-Doping Form, signed by the Official in charge of the station and delivered immediately through the Chairperson of the ADC to the ISU Representative. The sampling procedures shall still be carried out. The skater is then liable for sanctions according to paragraph 5.0.

11.6 Upon arrival at the Anti-Doping Station, the skater and one person acceptable to the skater shall be attended in the waiting room by a member of the ADC who shall confirm the identity of the skater, and shall note the time of arrival. Once the skater has reported to the Anti-Doping Station he or she must remain there unless permission to leave is granted by the Chairman of the ADC and must be continuously chaperoned by an Anti-Doping Official until the sampling procedure is complete.

11.7 Personal belongings of the skater and accompanying person may be searched for evidence of manipulation any time during the sampling procedure.

11.8 No photographs, video or tape recordings may be taken inside the station during Anti-Doping procedures.

11.9 In addition to the skater and the one accompanying person, only the following persons may be present in the Anti-Doping Station:

- The official in charge of the Anti-Doping Station

- A medical technician, whose duties may include keeping records

- A representative of the ISU

- An ISU Medical Advisor

- The Chairperson of the ADC

- The Official (lady and/or man) in charge of taking and witnessing samples

- An Interpreter

- Escort for each skater

11.10 The skater shall select a sealed sterile urine collector. He or she shall then void minimum of 75 ml of urine into the collector, witnessed by a member of the ADC of the same sex. Any clothing preventing the direct observation of the urination shall be removed.

11.11 If the skater refuses to comply, this shall be noted on the Anti-Doping Forms and the Chairman of the Anti-Doping testing and the ISU Representative shall be informed. The ISU Representative shall then decide on the further steps to be taken. The skater is then liable for sanctions according to paragraph 5.0.

11.12 If a skater is unable to provide a sufficient volume of urine, the sample shall be sealed with a tamper-proof seal and documented. If needed, only sealed drinks should be provided for the skaters to drink. When an adequate sample volume is available from the skater, the sample container seal may be opened and the sampling procedure completed.

11.13 The skater shall then select two tamper-proof bottles in a sealed bag, and transfer approximately two thirds of the urine from the collecting vessel into bottle A and one third into bottle B and close the bottles to ensure that there is no leak. The Anti-Doping Officer shall measure the specific gravity and the pH of the urine left in the collecting vessel. If the sample does not meet the criteria of the sg of 1.010 or higher (using sticks) or 1.005 (using refractometer) and a pH of not less than 5 and not greater than 7 then further samples may be required. If during testing the sample has evidence of blood, then a second sample may be requested. Code numbers selected by the skater will be affixed to these bottles unless already on the bottles (Versapak or Bereg systems).

11.14 The bottles shall then be sealed with a tamper-proof method, which cannot be violated without leaving obvious evidence of such violation. All remaining urine shall be discarded immediately after sample collection procedures are complete.

11.15 The bottle code numbers shall be entered on the Anti-Doping Form.

11.16 The skater shall declare any medication and nutritional supplements that he/she may have taken in the preceding three days and the Anti-Doping Officer shall record this on the Anti-Doping Form.

11.17 The Medical Notification Form must be completed and submitted BEFORE the competition begins. The form should be submitted at the draw or team leaders meeting to the ISU Medical Advisor/ Representative or at the medical room to the competition doctor at the ice rink. At the time of submission the date and time should be added to the form. During testing the fact that the ISU Medical Notification Form was completed must be recorded on the Anti-Doping Form. The ISU Notification Form is returned to the ISU General Secretary with the Anti-Doping documents.

11.18 The skater and team official shall certify by signing the form that the details are correct and accurate and that there have been no irregularities in the entire sample taking and sealing procedure. The Chairperson of ADC and/or ISU Representative shall check and sign the Anti-Doping Form. The skater is given his/ her copy. Laboratory copies of the Anti-Doping Form for urine samples shall be placed in a separate envelope that shall be placed in the transport container with the samples. The ISU copy is returned to the ISU Secretariat in Lausanne. The remaining copy is retained on file by the ISU Medical Advisor, ISU Representative or Referee.

11.19 Sealed samples are placed in transmittal bags or containers and sent with the appropriate ISU Chain of Custody Forms. Each Transport container shall then be sealed. The chain of custody shall be maintained by signature until arrival at the laboratory.

12.0 SAMPLE ANALYSIS

12.1 The sample analysis shall be completed as soon as possible after its arrival at the appropriate IOC and/or WADA accredited laboratory closest to the place where the sample has been collected unless approved by the ISU to be sent to an alternative IOC and/or WADA laboratory.

12.2 The analysis of the samples shall be carried out according to the ISU requirements of the laboratory and the current Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code List or WADA List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (including updates that are continuously published by the IOC or WADA).

12.3 In addition to the head of the laboratory and the laboratory staff, only the following persons may be admitted to the laboratory during analysis:

- An ISU Medical Advisor

- Persons with special authorization from the ISU Representative.

- The Chairperson of the Anti-Doping Commission (ADC).

12.4 The results will be sent ONLY to the ISU General Secretary

13.0 ANALYSIS REPORTS

13.1 Reports of analysis shall be sent without delay directly to the ISU General Secretary only. The reports may be made at Championships but in this case should only be submitted to the ISU President or his Representative, except as noted in paragraph 7.7 when the reports may be sent to the Member and the ISU.

13.2 Written reports from the laboratory shall be forwarded ONLY to the ISU General Secretary as soon as possible after the receipt of the specimens.

13.3 At ISU Championships and ISU Events the invoice for the cost of analyzing the samples shall be sent to, and paid by, the Organizing Committee. In World Cup and Qualifying events refer to paragraph 7.9.

14.0 ANALYTICALLY POSITIVE SAMPLES

14.1 Should analysis after the ‘A’ sample prove positive, The Head of the IOC or WADA accredited laboratory shall immediately send the results to:

a) The organization having initiated the Anti-Doping testing, (the responsible authorities). At ISU Championships and Events this will be the ISU.

b) A copy to the Medical Commission of the IOC in Lausanne.

c) A copy to the ISU General Secretary if not identical to the responsible authority in a) above.

14.2 The ISU will then inform immediately the ISU President, the Chairperson of the ISU Medical Advisors and the ISU Member of the skater, who will then inform the skater. No other sports governing body, person, organization or media may be notified.

14.3 A result is positive when the “A” Sample is positive and any such result may be acted upon for purposes of any competition or out of competition test.

14.4 Once the skater or Member has been informed of the positive “A” sample, the skater shall not be allowed to compete in any ISU sanctioned events while awaiting sanctions by the Council.

14.5 Within 15 days from receipt of notification of the positive “A” sample, the skater has the right to submit a written explanation to the ISU General Secretary and has the right to request that the “B” sample be analyzed.

14.6 The General Secretary must inform the President and the Chairperson of the Medical Advisors of the explanation of the circumstances of the positive result or any other communications about the positive results.

14.7 When requested, the analysis of the "B" sample will be carried out at a time determined by the ISU, in the same IOC or WADA accredited laboratory. The laboratory personnel who carry out the analysis of the “B” sample must be entirely different. If this is not possible testing must be carried out in an alternative IOC or WADA accredited laboratory. Testing may also be carried out at an alternative IOC or WADA accredited laboratory if the Member requests it and may be supervised by an ISU Medical Advisor or his/her representative. The Member in question shall be allowed to send a maximum of three representatives, which may include the skater and a representative of the ISU Member, to the laboratory, but at their expense. Should the ISU Member delegation not be present at the time indicated, the ISU Medical Advisor, or his/her representative, may decide to proceed to the “B” analysis.

14.8 Should the analysis of the “B” sample be negative:

a) The ISU will conduct an investigation in order to determine the reasons for the different results between the A and B sample. If the investigation concludes that the result is negative, no sanctions will be applied and, provided the skater has completed the competition where the positive A sample has been taken, the skater’s result for this competition will be validated.

b) if the skater has not completed the competition or series of competition and if, without otherwise affecting the competition or series, it is still possible for the skater to be reinstated, the skater may continue to take part in the competition or series.

Should the analysis of the “B” sample be positive or the skater accepts the result of the positive “A” sample, or the ISU investigation in accordance with paragraph 14.8 a) determines that the result is positive:

In such cases, the ISU Council, based on the report received from the ISU General Secretary, will apply the sanctions in accordance with the ISU Regulations, i.e. paragraph 5.0 of the ISU Anti-Doping-Code currently in force. The ISU Member, skater and respective Technical Committee Chairperson will be informed in writing of the sanction imposed and any results achieved and/or medals awarded will be declared void, starting from the day of sampling. Any sanctions imposed will begin from that time unless Council decides otherwise under paragraph 5.5 of this Code.

14.9 Minor irregularities, which cannot reasonably be considered to have affected the results of otherwise valid tests, shall have no effect on such results. Minor irregularities do not include the chain of custody of the sample, improper sealing of the container(s) in which the sample is stored, failure to request the signature of the skater or failure to provide the skater with an opportunity to be present or be represented at the opening and analysis of the “B” sample if analysis of the “B” sample is requested.

15.0 APPEALS

15.1 An appeal against the imposed sanction may be lodged in accordance with Articles 22 and 23 of the ISU Constitution.

15.1 Accredited laboratories are presumed to have conducted testing and custodial procedures in accordance with prevailing and acceptable standards of scientific practice. This presumption can be rebutted by convincing evidence to the contrary, but the accredited laboratory shall have no onus on the first instance to show that it conducted the procedures other than in accordance with its customary practices.

15.2 Parties appealing from decisions are expected, as is the Court of Arbitration for Sport, to proceed with all due dispatch, in the understanding that there must be early certainty with respect to all decisions involving sport. The Court of Arbitration for Sport is entitled to draw inferences from dilatory behavior on the part of any party appearing before it.

15.3 The Court of Arbitration for Sport may award costs against a party whose appeal is judged to be vexatious, frivolous, dilatory or otherwise abusive.

16.0 FORMS

The following must be obtained from the ISU General Secretary in advance of the competition;

1. Doping Control Forms

2. Chain of Custody Forms

3. Medical Notification Forms

4. Anti-Doping Memorandum

5. Sign in Forms for Doping Control Station

6. Guidelines for escorts

7. List of accredited laboratories and current IOC list of Prohibited Substances

17.0 VARIOUS

17.1 In any case where the above regulations do not apply or suffice, the ISU Representative is authorized to take a decision in consultation with the Chairperson of the Anti-Doping Commission (ADC) or the Chairperson of the Medical Advisors, or the ISU President.

17.2 Persons participating in Anti-Doping tests shall not make any statement relative to their activities to the media.

17.3 The Versapak and Bereg 94 systems are approved by the ISU for use by the ADC. The ISU Medical Advisor or ISU Representative must approve alternative systems in advance and in writing.

17.4 Written confirmation is required in advance that the Organizing Committee acknowledges that they have read and understood this Anti-Doping Code, and the Memorandum for guidance in holding ISU Championships of the respective discipline and will comply.

17.5 New/future Anti-Doping Code

The provisions of this Communication are valid as of July 2, 2001. In case further amendments to this ISU Anti-Doping Code or another more suitable Anti-Doping Code is adopted by entities of the Olympic Movement, i.e. the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Olympic Federations (IFs) recognized by the IOC and the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) recognized by the IOC, the ISU Council shall have the right to modify or supplement with immediate effect this ISU Anti-Doping Code in favor of the new ISU Anti-Doping Code. Such a decision including all details of the new ISU Anti-Doping Code will be published in an ISU Communication as a Rule.

Milan, 						Ottavio Cinquanta, President		
		July 1, 2001
Lausanne, 						Fredi Schmid, General Secretary

APPENDIX A of the OLYMPIC MOVEMENT ANTI-DOPING CODE

PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES AND PROHIBITED METHODS

Valid from April 1, 2000 - August 31, 2001

I. PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES

A. Stimulants

Prohibited substances in class (A) include the following examples:

amineptine, amiphenazole, amphetamines, bromantan, caffeine*, carphedon, cocaine, ephedrines**, fencamfamin, mesocarb, pentetrazol, pipradrol, salbutamol***, salmeterol***, terbutaline***, ... and related substances.

* For caffeine the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 12 micrograms per millilitre.

** For cathine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 5 micrograms per millilitre. For ephedrine and methylephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 10 micrograms per millilitre. For phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 25 micrograms per millilitre.

*** Permitted by inhaler only to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced asthma. Written notification of asthma and/or exercise-induced asthma by a respiratory or team physician is necessary to the relevant medical authority.

NOTE: All imidazole preparations are acceptable for topical use. Vasoconstrictors may be administered with local anaesthetic agents. Topical preparations (e.g. nasal, ophthalmological, rectal) of adrenaline and phenylephrine are permitted.

B. Narcotics

Prohibited substances in class (B) include the following examples:

buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine, ... and related substances.

NOTE: codeine, dextromethorphan, dextropropoxyphene, dihydrocodeine, diphenoxylate, ethylmorphine, pholcodine, propoxyphene and tramadol are permitted.

C. Anabolic agents

Prohibited substances in class (C) include the following examples:

1. Anabolic androgenic steroids

a. clostebol, fluoxymesterone, metandienone, metenolone, nandrolone, 19-norandrostenediol, 19-norandrostenedione, oxandrolone, stanozolol, ... and related substances.

b. androstenediol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone, testosterone*, ... and related substances.

Evidence obtained from metabolic profiles and/or isotopic ratio measurements may be used to draw definitive conclusions.

* The presence of a testosterone (T) to epitestostrone (E) ratio greater than six (6) to one (1) in the urine of a competitor constitutes an offence unless there is evidence that this ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition, e.g. low epitestosterone excretion, androgen producing tumour, enzyme deficiencies.

In the case of T/E greater than 6, it is mandatory that the relevant medical authority conducts an investigation before the sample is declared positive. A full report will be written and will include a review of previous tests, subsequent tests and any results of endocrine investigations. In the event that previous tests are not available, the athlete should be tested unannounced at least once per month for three months. The results of these investigations should be included in the report. Failure to co-operate in the investigations will result in declaring the sample positive.

2. Beta-2 agonists

bambuterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol, formoterol, reproterol, salbutamol*, salmeterol*, terbutaline*, ... and related substances.

*Authorized by inhalation as described in Article (I.A.).

For salbutamol the definition of a positive under the anabolic agent category is a concentration in urine greater than 1000 nanograms per millilitre.

D. Diuretics

Prohibited substances in class (D) include the following examples:

acetazolamide, bumetanide, chlortalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol*, mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene, ... and related substances.

* Prohibited by intravenous injection.

E. Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues

Prohibited substances in class (E) include the following examples and their analogues and mimetics:

1. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) prohibited in males only;

2. Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophins (LH) prohibited in males only;

3. Corticotrophins (ACTH, tetracosactide);

4. Growth hormone (hGH);

5. Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1);

and all the respective releasing factors and their analogues;

6. Erythropoietin (EPO);

7. Insulin;

permitted only to treat athletes with certified insulin-dependent diabetes. Written certification of insulin-dependent diabetes must be obtained from an endocrinologist or team physician.

The presence of an abnormal concentration of an endogenous hormone in class (E)or its diagnostic marker(s) in the urine of a competitor constitutes an offence unless it has been proven to be due to a physiological or pathological condition.

II. PROHIBITED METHODS

The following procedures are prohibited:

1. Blood doping;

2. Administering artificial oxygen carriers or plasma expanders;

3. Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation.

III. CLASSES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES

A. Alcohol

Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, tests will be conducted for ethanol.

B. Cannabinoids

Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, tests will be conducted for cannabinoids (e.g. Marijuana, Hashish). At the Olympic Games, tests will be conducted for cannabinoids. A concentration in urine of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (carboxy-THC) greater than 15 nanograms per millilitre constitutes doping.

C. Local anaesthetics

Injectable local anaesthetics are permitted under the following conditions:

a. bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine, and related substances, can be used but not cocaine. Vasoconstrictor agents may be used in conjunction with local anaesthetics;

b. only local or intra-articular injections may be administered;

c. only when medically justified.

Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, notification of administration may be necessary.

D. Glucocorticosteroids

The systemic use of glucocorticosteroids is prohibited when administered orally, rectally, or by intravenous or intramuscular injection.

E. Beta-blockers

Prohibited substances in class (E) include the following examples:

acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, propranolol, sotalol, ... and related substances.

Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, tests will be conducted for beta-blockers.

SUMMARY OF URINARY CONCENTRATIONS 
ABOVE WHICH IOC ACCREDITED LABORATORIES
MUST REPORT FINDINGS FOR SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES 

		caffeine		> 12 micrograms/millilitre
		carboxy-THC		> 15 nanograms/millilitre
		cathine			> 5 micrograms / milliltre
		ephedrine		> 10 micrograms / milliltre
		epitestosterone		> 200 nanograms / millilitre
		methylephedrine		> 10 micrograms / millilitre
		morphine		> 1 microgram / millilitre
		19-norandrosterone	> 2 nanograms /millilitre in males
		19-norandrosterone	> 5 nanograms/millilitre in females	
		phenylpropanolamine	> 25 micrograms / millilitre
		pseudoephedrine		> 25 micrograms / millilitre
		salbutamol
		(as stimulant)	 	> 100 nanograms/millilitre
		(as anabolic agent)	>1000 nanograms/millilitre
		T/E ratio		> 6

IV. OUT-OF-COMPETITION TESTING

Unless specifically requested by the responsible authority, out-of-competition testing is directed solely at prohibited substances in class I.C. (Anabolic Agents), I.D. (Diuretics), I.E. (Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues), and II (Prohibited Methods).

LIST OF EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES

CAUTION: This is not an exhaustive list of prohibited substances. Many substances that do not appear on this list are considered prohibited under the term "and related substances".

Athletes must ensure that any medicine, supplement, over-the-counter preparation or any other substance they use does not contain any Prohibited Substance.

STIMULANTS:

amineptine, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, bambuterol, bromantan, caffeine, carphedon, cathine, cocaine, cropropamide, crotethamide, ephedrine, etamivan, etilamphetamine, etilefrine, fencamfamin, fenetylline, fenfluramine, formoterol, heptaminol, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, methoxyphenamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylephedrine, methylphenidate, nikethamide, norfenfluramine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentetrazol, phendimetrazine, phentermine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pholedrine, pipradrol, prolintane, propylhexedrine, pseudoephedrine, reproterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, selegiline, strychnine, terbutaline,

NARCOTICS:

buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), hydrocodone, methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine,

ANABOLIC AGENTS :

androstenediol, androstenedione, bambuterol, boldenone, clenbuterol, clostebol, danazol, dehydrochlormethyltestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone, drostanolone, fenoterol, fluoxymesterone, formebolone, formoterol, gestrinone, mesterolone, metandienone, metenolone, methandriol, methyltestosterone, mibolerone, nandrolone, 19-norandrostenediol, 19-norandrostenedione, norethandrolone, oxandrolone, oxymesterone, oxymetholone, reproterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, stanozolol, terbutaline, testosterone, trenbolone,

DIURETICS

acetazolamide, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, canrenone, chlortalidone, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, mannitol (by intravenous injection), mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene,

MASKING AGENTS

bromantan, diuretics (see above), epitestosterone, probenecid,

PEPTIDE HORMONES, MIMETICS AND ANALOGUES

ACTH, erythropoietin (EPO), hCG*, hGH, insulin, LH*, clomiphene*, cyclofenil*, tamoxifen*,

* prohibited in males only

BETA BLOCKERS

acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol

APPENDIX A of the OLYMPIC MOVEMENT ANTI-DOPING CODE

PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES AND PROHIBITED METHODS 2001-2002

valid as of September 1, 2001

I. PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES

A. Stimulants

Prohibited substances in class (A) include the following examples:

amineptine, amiphenazole, amphetamines, bromantan, caffeine*, carphedon, cocaine, ephedrines**,fencamfamin, formoterol ***, mesocarb, pentetrazol, pipradrol, salbutamol***, salmeterol***, terbutaline***, ... and related substances.

* For caffeine the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 12 micrograms per millilitre.

*** Permitted by inhaler only to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced asthma.. Written notification by a respiratory or team physician that the athlete has asthma and/or exercise-induced asthma, is necessary to the relevant medical authority prior to competition.. At the Olympics Games, athletes who request permission to inhale a permitted beta agonist will be assessed by an independent medical panel.

B. Narcotics

Prohibited substances in class (B) include the following examples:

buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine, ... and related substances.

NOTE: codeine, dextromethorphan, dextropropoxyphene, dihydrocodeine, diphenoxylate, ethylmorphine, pholcodine, propoxyphene and tramadol are permitted.

C. Anabolic agents

Prohibited substances in class (C) include the following examples:

1. Anabolic androgenic steroids

a. clostebol, fluoxymesterone, metandienone, metenolone, nandrolone, 19-norandrostenediol, 19-norandrostenedione, oxandrolone, stanozolol, ... and related substances.

b. androstenediol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone, testosterone*, ... and related substances.

Evidence obtained from metabolic profiles and/or isotopic ratio measurements may be used to draw definitive conclusions.

2. Beta-2 agonists

bambuterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol, formoterol*, reproterol, salbutamol*, salmeterol*, terbutaline*, ... and related substances.

*Authorized by inhalation as described in Article (I.A.).

For salbutamol the definition of a positive under the anabolic agent category is a concentration in urine greater than 1000 nanograms per millilitre.

D. Diuretics

Prohibited substances in class (D) include the following examples:

acetazolamide, bumetanide, chlortalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol*, mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene, ... and related substances.

* Prohibited by intravenous injection.

E. Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues

Prohibited substances in class (E) include the following examples and their analogues and mimetics:

1. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) prohibited in males only;

2. Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophins (LH) prohibited in males only;

3. Corticotrophins (ACTH, tetracosactide);

4. Growth hormone (hGH);

5. Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1);

and all the respective releasing factors and their analogues;

6. Erythropoietin (EPO);

7. Insulin; permitted only to treat athletes with certified insulin-dependent diabetes. Written certification of insulin-dependent diabetes must be obtained from an endocrinologist or team physician.

II. PROHIBITED METHODS

The following procedures are prohibited:

Blood doping : means the administration of blood, red blood cells and/or related blood products to an athlete, which may be preceded by withdrawal of blood from the athlete, who continues to train in such a blood-depleted state.

Administering artificial oxygen carriers or plasma expanders;

3. Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation.

III. CLASSES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES

A. Alcohol

Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, tests will be conducted for ethanol.

B. Cannabinoids

C. Local anaesthetics

Injectable local anaesthetics are permitted under the following conditions:

a. bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine, and related substances, can be used but not cocaine. Vasoconstrictor agents may be used in conjunction with local anaesthetics;

b. only local or intra-articular injections may be administered;

c. only when medically justified.

Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, notification of administration may be necessary.

D. Glucocorticosteroids

The systemic use of glucocorticosteroids is prohibited when administered orally, rectally, or by intravenous or intramuscular injection.

When medically necessary, local and intra-articular injections of glucocorticosteroids are permitted. Where the rules of a responsible medical authority so provide, notification of administration may be necessary.

E. Beta-blockers

Prohibited substances in class (E) include the following examples:

acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, propranolol, sotalol, ... and related substances.

Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, tests will be conducted for beta-blockers.

SUMMARY OF URINARY CONCENTRATIONS 
ABOVE WHICH IOC ACCREDITED LABORATORIES
MUST REPORT FINDINGS FOR SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES 

		caffeine		> 12 micrograms/millilitre
		carboxy-THC		> 15 nanograms/millilitre
		cathine			> 5 micrograms / milliltre
		ephedrine		> 10 micrograms / milliltre
		epitestosterone		> 200 nanograms / millilitre
		methylephedrine		> 10 micrograms / millilitre
		morphine		> 1 microgram / millilitre
		19-norandrosterone	> 2 nanograms /millilitre in males
		19-norandrosterone	> 5 nanograms/millilitre in females	
		phenylpropanolamine	> 25 micrograms / millilitre
		pseudoephedrine		> 25 micrograms / millilitre
		salbutamol
		(as stimulant)	        > 100 nanograms/millilitre
		(as anabolic agent)     >1000 nanograms/millilitre
		T/E ratio		> 6

IV. OUT-OF-COMPETITION TESTING

LIST OF EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES AND PROHIBITED METHODS

CAUTION: This is not an exhaustive list of prohibited substances. Many substances that do not appear on this list are considered prohibited under the term "and related substances".

Athletes must ensure that any medicine, supplement, over-the-counter preparation or any other substance they use does not contain any Prohibited Substance.

STIMULANTS:

amineptine, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, bambuterol, bromantan, bupropion, caffeine, carphedon, cathine, cocaine, cropropamide, crotethamide, ephedrine, etamivan, etilamphetamine, etilefrine, fencamfamin, fenetylline, fenfluramine, formoterol, heptaminol, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, methoxyphenamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylephedrine, methylphenidate, nikethamide, norfenfluramine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentetrazol, phendimetrazine, phentermine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pholedrine, pipradrol, prolintane, propylhexedrine, pseudoephedrine, reproterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, selegiline, strychnine, terbutaline,

NARCOTICS:

buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), hydrocodone, methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine,

ANABOLIC AGENTS :

DIURETICS

MASKING AGENTS

bromantan, diuretics (see above), epitestosterone, probenecid,

PEPTIDE HORMONES, MIMETICS AND ANALOGUES

ACTH, erythropoietin (EPO), hCG*, hGH, insulin, LH*, clomiphene*, cyclofenil*, tamoxifen*, aromatase inhibitors*

* prohibited in males only

BETA BLOCKERS

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