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Communication 1030 - Medical Code - Anti-Doping Rules
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(This Communication replaces Communication No. 956)
1.1 Doping or Doping Methods are contrary to the spirit of good and fair sportsmanship and
are forbidden according to ISU Rule 139. A competitor who is found to have used doping
substances or methods and any person who has aided the competitor in the use of
doping substances or methods is subject to sanctions of this Rule.
1.2. Definitions
1.2.1. Doping - is defined as the use of an artifice, whether substance or method, potentially
dangerous to athletes' health and/or capable of enhancing their performances, or the
presence in the athletes' body of a substance, or the ascertainment of the use of a
method on the list annexed to the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code.
This Code applies to all athletes, coaches, instructors, officials, and to all medical
and paramedical staff working with athletes or treating athletes participating in or
training for sports competitions organized within the framework of the ISU.
1.2.2 Doping Methods
a) Blood Doping is any use of transfusions of blood, blood products or artificial oxygen
carriers either obtained, stored and reinfused from the competitor, or obtained from
another individual and transfused into the competitor in order to increase
athletic performance and is forbidden.
b) Pharmacological, chemical, and physical manipulation - any use of forbidden
substances or methods to enhance performance including those which alter the
integrity or validity of the urine or blood samples used in doping controls is forbidden.
1.2.3 Classes of drugs subject to certain restrictions
a) The use of corticosteroids is limited to topical use (creams etc.), inhalation
(e.g. in asthma rhinitis) and local or intra-articular injections.
b) Of the Beta 2 agonists, only salbutamol, terbutaline and salmeterol are permitted and
only by inhalation.
c) Written notification of insulin dependant diabetes must be submitted to the ISU
Secretariat by the skater's endocrinologist or team physician.
1.2.4 The administration and use of corticosteroids or Beta 2 agonists as listed
above must be reported on the ISU Medical Notification Form which must be given to the
ISU Medical Advisor or the ISU Representative PRIOR to the competition. Such written
report will be recorded on the doping control form.
1.2.5 Each skater requiring Beta 2 agonists or inhaled corticosteroids for asthma must submit
a letter, to the ISU Secretariat, from a respiratory physician or team physician at the
beginning of each season.
1.3 Doping classes and Methods
The ISU recognizes the current International Olympic Committee list of doping classes
and methods which is upgraded frequently and may be obtained from the ISU Secretariat.
1.3.1 Rule 139 ISU General Regulations
Team managers, coaches and skaters are expected to know, enforce and fully respect
Rule 139 at all times.
1.4 Doping Control Tests
1.4.1 Without any notice at any time and at any place, the ISU has the right to carry out
Doping tests of skaters including suspended skaters, of ISU Members, including out of
competition tests (see Rule 139, paragraph 3). The Members are required to support the
work of the ISU, especially in presenting the selected skaters and providing all
necessary information. Out of competition tests may be done by a doping control
agency approved and appointed by the ISU.
1.4.2 Doping tests must be carried out at all ISU sanctioned events in accordance with the
current ISU Rules and the current Medical Code/ Doping Rules as published in an ISU
Communication which includes :
ISU Championships, World Cup Competitions (Speed Skating and Short Track Speed Skating),
regional qualifying events for World Speed Skating Championships, Grand Prix
Series and Final and Junior Grand Prix Series and Final of Figure Skating, Olympic
Qualifying Events, "Open" International Competitions, and all other ISU sanctioned
Events.
1.4.3 International Competitions - Doping Control tests may be carried out at International
Competitions in accordance with current ISU Rules and Communications.
1.4.4 Olympic Winter Games - Doping Control tests at each Olympic Winter Games will be
carried out according to current International Olympic Committee Regulations
which may vary from ISU Rules. It is the responsibility of ISU Members, competitors,
coaches, physicians and officials to become informed of any variances.
1.4.5 It is recommended that all Members conduct doping control tests of their competitors
during training without advance notice (ISU Rule 139, Paragraph 2 ).
1.4.6 It is the financial responsibility of the organizing Member of a competition to provide
doping control equipment and facilities for analysis of samples.
1.5 Medical Doping Control Commission for Competition (MDCC) at ISU Championships and
International Competitions.
1.5.1 In the presence of an ISU Medical Advisor at ISU Championships, Grand Prix Final and
Junior Grand Prix Final of Figure Skating doping control will be carried out according
to the ISU regulations.
The Doping Control committee must include the following:
a) a chairperson (the ISU Medical Advisor).
b) a chief doping control officer who is a certified doping control officer of the
National Doping Control Governing Body of the country organising the competition, or a
doping control officer appointed by and approved by the ISU Medical Advisors.
c) at least one other doping control officer who must be of the appropriate sex and
familiar with doping procedures, so that proper witness of the specimens may be
done for all the participants male and female.
d) additional members such as secretaries, attendants, couriers, escorts/chaperones
etc. to aid in the carrying out of the duties and functions of the MDCC (refer to the
current Memorandums for the guidance for holding ISU Championships).
1.5.2 In the absence of an ISU Medical Advisor at International Competitions, World Cup
Competitions ( Speed Skating and Short Track Speed Skating), Regional Qualifying Events for the
World Speed Skating Championships, Grand Prix Series and Junior Grand Prix Series of
Figure Skating, Open International Competitions sanctioned by the ISU and Olympic
Qualifying Events, doping control will be carried out according to the ISU regulations
under the supervision of an ISU Representative or an ISU Technical Representative, or a
Doping Control Officer approved by the ISU Medical Advisors.
The Doping Control committee must include the following:
a) a chairperson who is a certified doping control officer of the National Doping Control
Governing Body of the country organising the competition, or a doping control officer
appointed by and approved by the ISU Medical Advisors.
b) at least one other doping control officer who must be of the appropriate sex and
familiar with doping procedures, so that proper witness of the specimens may be done
for all the participants male and female.
c) additional members such as secretaries, attendants, couriers, escorts/chaperones
etc. to aid in the carrying out of the duties and functions of the MDCC (refer to the
current Memorandums for the guidance for holding ISU Championships).
1.5.3 The Medical Doping Control Station - A separate secure area shall be provided by the
Organizing Committee for use by the Medical Doping Control Commission to carry out
its duties in accordance with the current Memorandum for guidance in holding ISU
Championships. This should include a separate waiting area and an administration area
with toilet, washing facilities and a sink.
1.6 Medical Doping Control Laboratory
1.6.1 Only laboratories approved by the International Olympic Committee shall be used for
testing specimens. Exceptions may be granted by the President of the International
Skating Union.
1.6.2 The current IOC list of accredited laboratories and list of prohibited doping classes
and methods with examples may be obtained from the ISU Secretariat in Lausanne. All
Members, skaters, team physicians, managers and coaches should make
themselves aware of the current IOC list.
1.7 Reports
1.7.1 Reports of the tests shall be sent, within 15 working days, directly to the ISU
Secretariat only. The reports may be made at Championships but in this case should only
be submitted to the ISU President or his Representative, except as noted in Paragraph
1.4.5 when the reports may be sent to the Member and the ISU.
1.7.2 Written reports from the laboratory shall be forwarded in a timely manner, to the ISU
General Secretary only, and in no case more than four weeks after the receipt of the
specimens.
1.7.3 The invoice for the cost of analysing the samples shall be sent to, and paid by, the
Organizing Committee.
2.1 Selection of Skaters
2.1.1 Each competitor in all ISU Events, Olympic Winter Games and any other International
Competition, is subject to Doping Control at any time during his or her presence in the
country or city where the competitions are scheduled to occur, including the official
practice sessions in Figure Skating, at the discretion of the ISU Representative. A
random selection will be drawn in the presence of the Medical Advisor (if appointed and
attending the event), the ISU Representative or Representative of the Technical
Committee and the local doping control officer if available.
2.1.2 A competitor may be tested for doping substances on more than one occasion.
2.1.3 It shall be the responsibility of each competitor to ensure that he or she has not been
selected for doping control before leaving the competition site after the completion of
the final event in which he or she is entered. The Chairperson of the Medical Doping
Control Commission shall post a list of those competitors selected for testing outside
the Medical Doping Control Station immediately after the final result has been determined.
In addition, each competitor selected for Doping Control shall be notified
in accordance with paragraph 3.1.4 of this Communication.
2.1.4 Out of competition tests may be conducted at any time and any place on skaters,
including suspended skaters, of the ISU Members.
2.1.5 Any competitor who achieves a World Record time must have been selected for doping
control and have been tested negative on the day of the race in order to have the
World Record ratified, see Rule 273, paragraph 4 f) and Rule 295, paragraph d).
2.1.6 In case of a skater suspended for a doping offence, at least one doping test must be
conducted with a negative result during the suspension before the skater can return to
competition. In the year following reinstatement of a suspended skater for a doping
offence at least one doping test should be conducted.
2.2 Figure Skating
2.2.1 In ISU Championships the following minimum Doping Control tests will be carried out:
the four best ranked skaters of the final result in the Singles (after the Free Program),
Pair Skating (after the Free Program) and Ice Dance (after the Free Dance) shall be
tested. One skater from the remainder of the skaters shall be selected by random draw
in Singles, Pair Skating and Ice Dance. In Pair Skating and Ice Dancing either the man
or the lady but not both shall be tested and shall be selected by draw.
If there are qualifying rounds, doping controls may be carried out at this time. In this
case two skaters will be selected by random draw from each group, A and B, Men and
Ladies. Skaters may be tested more than once during the competition.
2.2.2 Other participants - additional competitors may be selected for testing by the ISU
Representative or at his/her discrection by the CMDCC. Such selection may be
based upon a random draw determined by the placement in a previous portion of that
competition, or by the final result.
2.2.3 In the Junior Grand Prix Series and Final and Grand Prix Series and Final Doping tests
will be carried out on the best skater of the final result in Singles (after the free program),
Pair Skating (after the free program) and Ice Dance (after the free Dance). One skater
from the remainder of the skaters shall be selected by random draw in Singles, Pair
Skating and Ice Dance. In Pair Skating and Ice Dancing either the man or the lady but
not both shall be tested and shall be selected by random draw. Doping tests will be
carried out according to ISU Regulations and the current Doping Rules.
2.2.4 In Open International Competitions or New Method/System Competitions sanctioned by
the ISU, doping tests are mandatory and all skaters competing at International Open
Competitions or New Method/System Competitions including the ineligible skaters may
be tested. In addition to the winner, a minimum of 1 skater per discipline shall be
selected by random draw to be tested.
Prior to the competition, all skaters entered for such competitions must accept in
writing to be submitted to doping tests that will be conducted under the control of
the ISU Member and in consultation with the ISU Medical Advisors. Skaters who refuse to
accept this procedure will not be allowed to skate. In case of refusal to give the
required sample after the competition (after initially having agreed) and in case of
positive results, sanctions as per ISU Regulations will apply for the eligible skaters.
For the ineligible skaters the ISU Council will take the necessary decision which could
consist of preventing the ineligible skater involved from being invited to Open
International Competitions/New Method/System Competitions for a certain period of time,
as well as withholding the payment of prize money and other benefits.
In this respect, the organizers will pay the skaters' benefits after the competitions
and only upon receipt of the doping test results.
2.3 Synchronized Skating
2.3.1 For the World Synchronized Skating Championships (as of year 2000) and other Events
designated by the ISU, two competitors randomly selected from the 1st, 2nd,
and 3rd teams plus two competitors from one other team randomly selected shall be
tested. Both junior and senior teams will be tested.
2.4 Speed Skating
2.4.1 For Two Day Championships (World Sprint Championships for Ladies and Men)
Minimum skaters to attend the doping control: First day - The best ranked and two other
competitors, randomly drawn, in the long distance shall be selected for testing. Second
day - The four best ranked of the final result and two other skaters randomly drawn
according to paragraph 2.1.1.
2.4.2 For Three Day Championships
Minimum skaters to attend the doping control: First day - The best ranked and two
others, randomly drawn, in the longest distance for Men. Second day - The best
ranked and two others, randomly drawn, in the long distance for Ladies. Third day - The
three best ranked skaters of the final result and two other competitors, randomly drawn,
Ladies and Men, shall be selected for testing. In a three day Championship where the
program for the Ladies and Men is completed in two days then the 2 day selection
procedure in paragraph 2.4.1 will apply.
2.4.3 For World Speed Skating Championships Single Distance.
Minimum skaters to attend the doping control: The best ranked and one randomly
selected skater in each distance. The same skater will be tested only once on the
same day.
2.4.4 For World Cup Competitions.
Minimum skaters to attend the doping control: The best ranked and one randomly
selected skater in each distance. The same skater will be tested only once on the
same day.
2.4.5 Any competitor who achieves a World Record time must have been selected for doping
control and have been tested negative on the day of the race in order to have the World
Record ratified, see Rule 273, paragraph 4 f).
2.5 Short Track Speed Skating
2.5.1 For the World and European Short Track Speed Skating Championships.
Minimum skaters to attend the doping control: Second day, the first ranked and three
others drawn randomly from the 500m event Ladies and Men. Final day, the first, second
and third after the overall final classification Ladies and Men plus one lady and
one man randomly drawn from the relay competition.
2.5.2 For World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships
Using the team starting lists 1 skater is randomly selected from each team. After the
overall classification for ladies and men the previously selected skaters from the 1st,
2nd, 3rd teams, and one other team randomly selected will be tested.
2.5.3 For World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships
Minimum skaters to attend the doping control: First day, the first and one other
selected by random draw for the 500m for Ladies and Men. Second day, the first and one
other selected by random draw after the final classification Ladies and Men.
2.5.4 For Short Track Speed Skating World Cup Competitions
The minimum doping control to be carried out in the ladies and men's events will be on
the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd placed skaters and one random from the overall individual
classification.
2.5.5 For Short Track Speed Skating Olympic Qualifying Competitions
Minimum skaters to attend the doping control: The first ranked plus one skater from
1000 and 500 metres Men and Ladies selected by random draw. In the relay
competition one skater from two teams Ladies and Men from the 8 ranked teams
selected by random draw.
2.5.6 Any competitor who achieves a World Record time must have been selected for doping
control and have been tested negative on the day of the race in order to have the
World Record ratified, see Rule 295, paragraph d).
2.6 For all competitions/disciplines: Either the ISU Representative, or the Chairperson of
the Medical Doping Control Commission, has the right to select other competitors for
testing.
3.1 Guidelines for sample - taking procedure
3.1.1 These guidelines must be followed as closely as possible, however deviation(s) from
these guidelines shall not invalidate the finding of a prohibited substance or method,
unless it was such as to cast substantial doubt on the reliability of the finding. See 5.1.1.
3.1.2 Competitors selected for doping control shall be notified by a representative of the
Medical Doping Control Commission using the ISU Doping Control form. Competitors
must acknowledge notification by signature and must appear immediately with
photographic identification. They must be accompanied at all times after notification by
a representative of the MDCC. Brief delays for press conferences (not more than one
hour), may be allowed with the permission of the Chairperson MDCC.
3.1.3 The representative of the MDCC shall give ISU Doping control forms to the official in
charge of the Doping Control Station who shall keep it on file.
3.1.4 Should the competitor fail to report to the Doping Control Station according to
paragraph 2.1.3, the fact shall be recorded, signed by the official in charge of
the station and delivered immediately through the Chairperson of the Medical Doping
Control Commission to the ISU Representative. The skater is then liable for sanctions
according to ISU Rule 139.
3.1.5 Upon arrival at the Doping Control Station, the competitor and one person acceptable to
the competitor shall be attended in the waiting room by a member of the Doping
Control Commission who shall confirm the identity of the competitor, and shall note the
time of arrival. Once the skater has reported to the Doping Control Station he or she
must remain there unless continuously chaperoned by a doping control official until the
sampling procedure is complete.
3.1.6 Personal belongings of the competitor and accompanying person may be searched for
evidence of manipulation any time during the sampling procedure.
3.1.7 No photographs, video or tape recordings may be taken inside the station during doping procedures.
3.1.8 In addition to the competitor and the one accompanying person, only the following
persons may be present in the Doping Control Station :
The official in charge of the Doping Control Station
A medical technician, whose duties may include keeping records
A representative of the ISU
An ISU Medical Advisor
The Chairperson of the Medical Doping Control Commission
The Official (lady and/or man) in charge of taking and witnessing samples
An Interpreter
Escorts
3.1.9 The competitor shall select a sealed sterile urine collector. He or she shall then void
minimum of 70 ml of urine into the collector, witnessed by a member of the Medical
Doping Control Commission of the same sex. Any clothing preventing the direct
observation of the urination shall be removed.
3.1.10 If the competitor refuses to comply, this shall be noted on records and the ISU
Representative informed.
3.1.11 If a competitor is unable to provide a sufficient volume of urine, the sample shall be
sealed with a tamper-proof seal and documented. If needed, only sealed drinks should
be provided for the competitors to drink.
When an adequate sample volume is available from the competitor, the sample container
seal may be opened and the sampling procedure completed.
3.1.12 The competitor shall then select two tamper-proof bottles in a sealed bag, and transfer
approximately two thirds of the urine from the collecting vessel into bottle A and one
third into bottle B and close the bottles to ensure that there is no leak. The doping
control officer shall measure the specific gravity and the pH. of the urine left in the
collecting vessel. If the sample does not meet the criteria of the sg of 1.010 or higher
(using sticks) or 1.005 (using refractometer) and a pH of not less than 5 and not greater
than 7 then further samples may be required. Code numbers selected by the competitor
will be affixed to these bottles unless already on the bottles (Versapak or Bereg
systems).
3.1.13 The bottles shall then be sealed with a tamper-proof method which cannot be violated
without leaving obvious evidence of such violation.
3.1.14 The code numbers shall be entered on the Doping Control Form.
3.1.15 The Medical Notification Form must be completed and submitted BEFORE the competition.
During testing the fact that the ISU Medical Notification Form was completed must
be recorded on the Doping Control Form. The ISU Notification form is returned to the
ISU Secretariat with the doping control documents.
3.1.16 The competitor and team official shall certify by signing the form that the details are
correct and accurate and that there have been no irregularities in the entire sample
taking and sealing procedure. The Chairperson of MDCC and / or ISU Representative
shall check and sign the Doping Control Form. The competitor is given his / her copy.
Laboratory copies should be placed in the sealed bag but separate to the sealed
samples for return to the laboratory. The ISU copy is returned to the ISU Secretariat in
Lausanne. The remaining copy is retained on file by the ISU Medical Advisor, ISU
Representative or Referee.
3.1.17 Sealed samples are placed in transmittal bags or containers and sent with the
appropriate ISU transmittal forms, and chain of custody shall be maintained by signature
until arrival at the laboratory. New carbonless transmittal forms must be obtained from
the ISU Secretariat.
4.1 Sample analysis
4.1.1 The sample analysis shall be completed as soon as possible after its arrival at the
laboratory.
4.1.2 The analysis of the samples shall be carried out according to the ISU requirements of
the laboratory and the current IOC list of prohibited doping substances.
4.1.3 In addition to the head of the laboratory and the laboratory staff, only the following
persons may be admitted to the laboratory during analysis :
An ISU Medical Advisor.
Persons with special authorisation from the ISU Representative.
The Chairperson of the Medical Doping Control Commission.
4.1.4 The results will be sent only to the ISU Secretariat.
4.2 Procedures for analytically positive samples
4.2.1 Should analysis prove positive, The Head of the IOC accredited laboratory shall send the
results to :
a) The organization having initiated the doping control, (the responsible authorities).
At ISU Championships and Events this will be the ISU.
b) A copy to the Medical Commission of the IOC in Lausanne.
c) A copy to the ISU if not identical to the responsible authority in a) above.
The ISU will then inform immediately the ISU President, the Chairperson of the ISU
Medical Advisors and the National Federation of the skater who will then inform the
skater. No other sports governing body, person, organization or media may be notified.
4.2.2 A written explanation by the National Federation and skater must be submitted to the
ISU Secretariat within 14 days of notification of the analytically positive result. In
the case of no response within 14 days arrangements will be made to proceed with the
analysis of the "B" sample.
4.2.3 The General Secretary must inform the President and the Chairperson of the Medical
Advisors of the explanation of the circumstances of the positive result or any other
communications about the positive results.
4.2.4 If the skater accepts in writing the positive result in the "A" sample, no analysis
of the "B" sample will be carried out and sanctions according to Rule 139 will be
taken.
4.2.5 In the case of non acceptance of the positive result in the "A" sample, arrangements
will be made with the laboratory to analyse the "B" sample within two weeks.
4.2.6 The analysis of the "B" sample will be carried out in an IOC accredited laboratory and
may be supervised by an ISU Medical Advisor or his/her representative. The Member in
question shall be allowed to send a maximum of three representatives, which may
include the skater and a representative of the National Federation, to the laboratory,
but at their expense.
4.2.7 If the results are confirmed, the laboratory informs the ISU Secretariat and sanctions
will be applied immediately by the Council according to ISU Rule 139.
4.2.8 The National Federation, skater and respective Technical Committee Chairperson will be
informed in writing of the sanction imposed and any results achieved and/or medals
awarded will be declared void, starting from the day of sampling. Any sanctions imposed
will begin from that time.
4.2.9 An appeal against the imposed sanction may be lodged in accordance with Articles 22
and 23 of the ISU Constitution.
5.1 Various
5.1.1 In any case where the above regulations do not apply or suffice, the ISU Representative
is authorized to take a decision in consultation with the Chairperson of the Medical
Doping Control Commission or the Chairperson of the Medical Advisors, or the ISU
President.
5.1.2 Persons participating in Medical Doping Control shall not make any statement relative
to their activities to the media.
5.1.3 The Versapak and Bereg 94 systems are approved by the ISU for use by doping control
commissions. The ISU Medical Advisor or ISU Representative must approve alternative
systems in advance and in writing.
5.1.4 Written confirmation is required in advance that the Organizing Committee acknowledges
that they have read and understood this Medical code, ISU Rule 139 and Memorandum for
guidance in holding ISU Championships of the respective discipline and will
comply.
The following must be obtained from the ISU Secretariat in advance of the competition :
1. Doping Control Forms
2. Doping Control Chain of Custody Forms
3. Medical notification Forms
4. Instructions for the Forms
5. Doping Control sign in Forms
6.1 New/future Medical Code
The provisions of this Communication are valid immediately. However, in accordance
with ISU Regulations, Rule 139, paragraph 14, in case a single Medical Code or more
suitable Medical Code is adopted by entities of the Olympic Movement, i.e. the
International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Olympic Federations (IFs)
recognized by the IOC and the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) recognized by the
IOC, the ISU Council shall have the right to modify or supplement with immediate effect
Rule 139 in favor of the new Medical Code - Doping Rules. Such a decision including all
details of the new Medical Code will be published in an ISU Communication as a Rule.
A separate ISU Communication regarding Blood Testing will be released shortly.
Milan, Ottavio Cinquanta, President
July 10, 1999
Lausanne, Fredi Schmid, General Secretary
